Arthritis Hand

Hand therapy is a valuable component in the management of osteoarthritis in the hands. The goals of hand therapy for osteoarthritis are to reduce pain, improve joint function and mobility, enhance strength and grip, and optimize the individual's ability to perform daily activities. Here are some key components of hand therapy for osteoarthritis hands:

1. Pain Management: Hand therapists employ various techniques to manage pain associated with osteoarthritis. Modalities may include heat or cold therapy, paraffin wax baths, ultrasound, electrical stimulation, or manual techniques such as joint mobilization, soft tissue mobilization, or massage to alleviate pain and promote relaxation.

2. Range of Motion Exercises: Hand therapists guide patients through a range of motion exercise program to maintain or improve joint mobility. Gentle and controlled exercises are performed to increase flexibility, reduce stiffness, and prevent further joint deterioration. These exercises may involve finger and wrist stretches, joint gliding movements, or use of therapeutic devices to enhance range of motion.

3. Strengthening Exercises: Hand therapists prescribe strengthening exercises to improve muscle strength and stability around the affected joints. These exercises aim to enhance grip strength and functional abilities. They may include squeezing exercises using therapy putty, hand grippers, or resistance bands to target specific muscles in the hands and fingers.

4. Joint Protection Techniques: Hand therapists teach patients joint protection techniques to minimize stress on the affected joints and reduce pain. This may involve modifying activities, using assistive devices or adaptive equipment, and implementing ergonomic principles to optimize joint mechanics and decrease joint strain during daily tasks.

5. Customized Splinting: Hand therapists may fabricate custom splints or orthoses to provide support, stability, and pain relief for the arthritic joints. Splints can help improve joint alignment, reduce inflammation, and support functional activities. They are typically worn during activities or at night to protect the joints and promote rest.

6. Functional Training: Hand therapists work with patients to simulate functional activities and develop strategies to improve performance. They focus on adapting techniques, modifying tools or equipment, and finding ways to accomplish daily tasks with reduced pain and joint stress.

7. Education and Self-Management: Hand therapists provide education on osteoarthritis, including disease management, joint protection principles, energy conservation, and activity modification techniques. They also guide patients in self-management strategies, such as heat/cold application, home exercise programs, and pacing activities to prevent flare-ups and maintain long-term joint health.

Additionally, hand therapists may collaborate with other healthcare professionals, such as rheumatologists, to ensure a comprehensive approach to managing osteoarthritis in the hands. The therapist's role is to assess the individual's specific needs, provide appropriate interventions, monitor progress, and adapt the treatment plan as necessary to maximize functional outcomes and improve quality of life.

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Sources:

1. American Society of Hand Therapists (ASHT)​

2. American Physical Therapy Association (APTA)​

3. PubMed​

4. Mayo Clinic​

5. OrthoInfo (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)